Keywords
Hemoglobin levels
Nutritional status
Pregnancy
How to Cite
Abstract
Anemia during pregnancy is a critical public health issue that poses significant risks to both maternal and fetal well-being, demanding immediate attention from all healthcare stakeholders. This condition can detrimentally impact the mother's health and hinder proper fetal growth and development. In Makassar City, the high prevalence of anemia is a pressing concern, with Rappokalling Health Center reporting 364 cases and Makkasau Health Center reporting 482 cases. This study was conducted to investigate the influence of maternal age, parity, and nutritional status on hemoglobin levels in pregnant women. This analytical survey utilized a cross-sectional design. The research population consisted of pregnant women making initial visits to two specific public health centers in Makassar City, with a total sample of 363 respondents. Data on maternal age, parity, nutritional status (measured by Upper Arm Circumference), and hemoglobin levels were collected through a documentation study using a checklist sheet. The data was then analyzed using cross-tabulation to determine the relationships between the variables. The study revealed a substantial prevalence of anemia, affecting 31.68% of the total sample. Specifically, anemia was found in 36.6% of pregnant women at Makkasau Health Center and 30.4% at Rappokalling Health Center. The findings indicated no statistically significant relationship between maternal age and hemoglobin levels, nor between parity and hemoglobin levels. However, a significant relationship was identified between nutritional status and hemoglobin levels. The data showed that 16.1% of pregnant women at Makkasau Health Center and 18.8% at Rappokalling Health Center had an abnormal dietary status, which was directly linked to lower hemoglobin levels. In conclusion, while maternal age and parity do not show a relationship with hemoglobin levels, nutritional status is a critical factor influencing anemia among pregnant women. These findings underscore the importance of nutritional intervention as a key strategy in mitigating the prevalence of anemia during pregnancy.
References
Alemayehu, A., Gedefaw, L., Yemane, T., & Asres, Y. (2016). Prevalence, severity, and determinant factors of Anemia among pregnant women in south Sudanese refugees, Pugnido, Western Ethiopia. Anemia, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/9817358
Amini, A., Pamungkas, C. E., & Harahap, A. P. H. P. (2018). Usia Ibu dan Paritas sebagai Faktor Risiko yang Mempengaruhi Kejadian Anemia pada Ibu Hamil di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Ampenan. Midwifery Journal: Jurnal Kebidanan UM. Mataram, 3(2), 108–113. https://doi.org/10.31764/mj.v3i2.506
Aminin, F., Wulandari, A., & Lestari, R. P. (2016). Pengaruh kekurangan energi kronis (KEK) dengan kejadian anemia pada ibu hamil. Jurnal Kesehatan, 5(2).
Babah, O. A., Akinajo, O. R., Beňová, L., Hanson, C., Abioye, A. I., Adaramoye, V. O., Adeyemo, T. A., Balogun, M. R., Banke-Thomas, A., & Galadanci, H. S. (2024). Prevalence of and risk factors for iron deficiency among pregnant women with moderate or severe anaemia in Nigeria: a cross-sectional study. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 24(1), 39. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-023-06169-1
Babker, A. M., & Di Elnaim, E. O. (2020). Hematological changes during all trimesters in normal pregnancy. Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics, 10(2), 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v10i2.3958
Enawgaw, B., Birhanie, M., Terefe, B., & Asrie, F. (2019). Prevalence of Anemia and Iron Deficiency Among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care Service at University of Gondar Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia. Clinical Laboratory, 65(4). https://doi.org/10.7754/clin.lab.2018.180822
Fallatah, A. M., Bifari, A. E., Alshehri, H. Z., Wali, S. M., Alghamdi, S. A., Almusallam, S. A., Al-Abbadi, W. S., & Albasri, S. (2020). Anemia and Cost-Effectiveness of Complete Blood Count Testing Among Pregnant Women at King Abdulaziz University Hospital: A Single Tertiary Center Experience. Cureus, 12(9). https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.10493
Karami, M., Chaleshgar, M., Salari, N., Akbari, H., & Mohammadi, M. (2022). Global prevalence of anemia in pregnant women: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis. Maternal and Child Health Journal, 26(7), 1473–1487. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10995-022-03450-1
Lebso, M., Anato, A., & Loha, E. (2017). Prevalence of anemia and associated factors among pregnant women in Southern Ethiopia: A community based cross-sectional study. PloS One, 12(12), e0188783. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0188783
Manangsang, T. A. A., & Ismawatie, E. (2024). Analisis Kadar Hemoglobin Pada Ibu Hamil Usia Produktif Di Puskesmas Bandarharjo Kota Semarang. Plenary Health: Jurnal Kesehatan Paripurna, 1(3), 314–318. https://doi.org/10.37985/plenaryhealth.v1i3.610
Okia, C. C., Aine, B., Kiiza, R., Omuba, P., Wagubi, R., Muwanguzi, E., Apecu, R. O., Okongo, B., & Oyet, C. (2019). Prevalence, morphological classification, and factors associated with anemia among pregnant women accessing antenatal clinic at Itojo Hospital, south western Uganda. Journal of Blood Medicine, 10, 351–357. https://doi.org/10.2147/JBM.S216613
Organization, W. H. (2024). Guideline on haemoglobin cutoffs to define anaemia in individuals and populations. World Health Organization.
Riset Kesehatan Dasar. (2019). Data anemia.
Risnawati, I. (2016). Korelasi Anemia, Umur Dan Status Gizi Ibu Hamil Terhadap Berat Badan Bayi Baru Lahir.
Sabngatun, S., & Sari, A. N. (2018). Hubungan Antara Status Gizi dengan Kadar Hemoglobin pada Ibu Hamil Trimester III. Avicenna: Journal of Health Research, 1(1). https://doi.org/10.36419/avicenna.v1i1.196
Sandi, E. O., Hamdiyah, H., Kenre, I., Syahriani, S., & Sukarta, A. (2023). Hubungan Kualitas Layanan dengan Status Gizi Ibu Hamil di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Tanasitolo Wajo. Jurnal Kebidanan Malakbi, 4(1), 59–65. https://doi.org/10.33490/b.v4i1.753
Sari, H., Yarmaliza, Y., & Zakiyuddin, Z. (2022). Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Kejadian Anemia pada Ibu Hamil Di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Samadua Kecamatan Samadua Kabupaten Aceh Selatan. Jurnal Mahasiswa Kesehatan Masyarakat (Jurmakemas), 2(1), 178–202.
Utama, R. P. (2021). Status Gizi dengan Kejadian Anemia Pada Ibu Hamil. Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Sandi Husada, 10(2), 689–694. https://doi.org/10.35816/jiskh.v10i2.680
Dinkes. (2016). Angka kejadian anemia. Dinas Kesehatan Kota Makassar.
Wiraprasidi, I. P. A., Kawengian, S. E., & Mayulu, N. (2017). Faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kadar hemoglobin pada ibu hamil di Puskesmas Lolak. EBiomedik, 5(2). https://doi.org/10.35790/ebm.v5i2.18602