The Effect of Lantana Camara Leaf Boling on LDL-C and HDL-C Levels in Wistar Rats Feed with a High Fat Diet

Abstract

Background: Hypercholesterolemia, especially increased low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), is an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Lantana camara (komba-komba) contains bioactive compounds such as flavonoids and phenolics that have antioxidant activity and have the potential as hypolipidemic agents. Objective: This study aims to analyze the effect of Lantana camara leaf decoction on LDL-C and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels in Wistar rats induced by a high-fat diet. Method: The study used a randomized pretest–posttest controlled pure experimental design. A total of 25 male Wistar rats were divided into five groups, namely negative control, positive control with simvastatin 10 mg/kgBW, and treatment groups with Lantana camara decoction doses of 250, 500, and 750 mg/kgBW. The intervention was given orally for three weeks. LDL-C and HDL-C levels were measured before and after the intervention using a colorimetric enzymatic method and analyzed using ANOVA and further tests with a significance level of p<0.05. Results: Lantana camara decoction showed a decrease in LDL-C, with the largest decrease at a dose of 750 mg/kgBW (Δ −86.6 mg/dL), followed by doses of 500 mg/kgBW (Δ −76.8 mg/dL) and 250 mg/kgBW (Δ −40.0 mg/dL). Significant differences compared to the negative control were found at doses of 500 and 750 mg/kgBW. However, there was no significant increase in HDL-C in the treatment group. Conclusion: Lantana camara leaf decoction has the potential to reduce LDL-C levels in rats with hyperlipidemia due to a high-fat diet, especially at doses of 500 and 750 mg/kgBW, but has not shown effectiveness in increasing HDL-C.